The system can detect porosity down to a 50-μm lateral dimension and ~40 μm in depth with >3-dB contrast over the background intensity fluctuations. Based on the scattering signatures in the two directions, the system can also validate the depth of the defect and distinguish porosity from bump-type defects coming out of the metal surface. Detectors, placed in the specular and grazing directions with respect to the incident beam, measure the change in scattered intensity when a surface defect is encountered. The probe consists of a graded-index relay rod that focuses a laser beam spot onto the inner surface of the bore. We demonstrate an optical probe for detection of porosity inside spool bores of a transmission valve body with diameters down to 5 mm. Optical probe for porosity defect detection on inner diameter surfaces of machined bores
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